Reduce the rational expression to lowest terms.cd — c+d —1/ cd +c+d+1=
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we have the expression
[tex]\frac{cd-c+d-1}{cd+c+d+1}[/tex]Group terms
[tex]\frac{(cd+d)+(-c-1)}{(cd+d)+(c+1)}[/tex][tex]\frac{d(c+1)-(c+1)}{d(c+1)+(c+1)}[/tex]factor (c+1)
[tex]\frac{(c+1)(d-1)}{(c+1)(d+1)}[/tex]Simplify
[tex]\frac{(d-1)}{(d+1)}[/tex]