A correlation coefficient of -1 means that bone density and muscle mass are perfectly correlated but in opposite ways.
The correlation coefficient, r, is a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables.
r = 0 means that the two variables in question have no relationship, r = 1 means that the two variables are perfectly correlated in the same way, and r = -1 means that the two variables are perfectly correlated but in opposing ways.
The implication of the -1 correlation coefficient is that bone density increases with decreasing muscle mass and vice versa.
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