Answer:
- Cancer treatment.
- Transplant Organ
- Type 1 Diabetes Treatment
- Treatment of macular degeneration
Explanation:
Stem cells are cells that have the ability to self-renew, that is, to give rise to other stem cells just like it, and which also have the potential to become other specialized cells of our body when given proper stimuli. Currently, these cells have been used to treat a variety of medical conditions.
- Cancer Treatment: Some studies in the UK have looked for ways to turn stem cells into cancer-destroying potentials. To this end, scientists activate the TRAIL gene in these cells, which makes them similar to immune cells. These cells are eventually attracted to the tumors and cause the tumor cells to "commit su*c*de". So far this therapy has only been studied in rats, but has managed to cure some of them completely from lung cancer.
- Organ transplantation: Many scientists study how to create whole organs by directing stem cells to differentiate into tissue for specific organs. If the patient's own cells are used, there is no risk of rejection of this new organ. However, the challenge of this line of research is to make cells differentiate into the different tissues that can make up the same organ, as they are complex structures.
- Type 1 Diabetes Treatment: US researchers are testing how to use stem cells to help the pancreas regain its insulin-producing function, a skill lost by people with type 1 diabetes. To do so, they are injecting stem cells into capsules. that are placed in the pancreas and perform the functions of the organ's beta cells without being attacked by the immune system. The tests have already been successfully performed on mice and are now being tested on humans.
- Treatment of macular degeneration: Recent studies conducted in the United States have treated patients who had lost their sight with macular degeneration or Stargardt's disease. In it, scientists differentiated stem cells into retinal pigment epithelium cells and applied them to patients, who showed significant improvements even in more advanced cases. Currently this treatment has proven safe and is being tested with larger groups of patients.
