A 512-kb, 4-way set associative cache has 64-byte lines. The system has 64-bit addresses, with bits numbered from 0( least significant) to 63( most significant). what bit Ranges are associated with each of the offset, index, and tag fields of an address
Tag most significant bit:
Tag least significant bit:
Index MSP:
Index LSB:
Offset MSB:
Offset LSB:

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CPU cache is a hardware cache used by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) to reduce the average cost (time or energy) of accessing data from main memory. [1] A cache is a smaller, faster memory that stores a copy of data from commonly used main memory locations close to the processor core. Most CPUs have a hierarchy of multiple cache levels (L1, L2, often L3, rarely L4) with separate instruction-specific and data-specific caches at the levels.

How does CPU cache affect performance?

A CPU cache places a small amount of memory directly on the CPU. This memory is much faster than system RAM because it runs at CPU speed instead of system bus speed.

How does the CPU use cache?

Cache memory temporarily stores information, data, and programs commonly used by the CPU. When data is needed, the CPU automatically switches to cache memory for faster data access. This is because the server's RAM is slow and far from the CPU.

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