Question

5. what property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell? the molecules bind to the extracellular domain. the molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane. the molecules are attached to transport proteins that deliver them through the bloodstream to target cells. the ligands are able to penetrate the membrane and directly influence gene expression upon receptor binding.

Answer 1

The property that prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell is : The molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane.

Transmembrane receptors are another term for cell-surface receptors. These are proteins that bridge the plasma membrane and are present on the surface of cells. They bind to ligands that are unable to cross the plasma membrane on their own. These ligands are frequently hydrophilic or too big to get through. These receptors execute signal transduction instead of DNA binding to alter gene transcription and translation; an extracellular signal sets off an intracellular signal, which typically travels to the nucleus to change cell activity. In order to ensure that the ligand's effects are limited to its target cells, cell surface receptors are frequently tailored to the needs of that particular cell type.

A cell-surface receptors may be broken down into an intracellular domain that initiates a second messenger cascade, an exterior ligand-binding domain, and a hydrophobic area that crosses the membrane. Ion channel receptors, GPCRs, and enzyme-linked receptors are the three primary categories of cell-surface receptors.

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