Based on the fact that Stocks A, B, and C have identical risks and yet Stock A has a higher annual return than Stocks B and C, we can assume that Stock A has a positive excess return.
Generally, a higher amount of risk would give a higher amount of returns. A lower amount of risk would therefore give a lower return.
This means that instruments that have the same risk, should generally give the same return. Stocks A, B, and C have the same risk and yet Stock A has a higher return than the rest, this means that Stock A's return is excess and positive.
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