There are two main things. One is the large influx of immigrants, both from Asia and Europe. The second is that the railways developed rapidly and allowed for rapid movement of people from one part of the country to another so that people were not too afraid to travel too far west.
Colonies in the western United States were generally frontier, "peripheral" colonies of the United States and Spain and/or Mexico, often growing near resource-rich areas. Population size increases with positive growth and decreases with negative growth.
Some people think that the America has a market economy, where production and purchases are governed solely by the laws of supply and demand, but in reality it has a mixed economy: most of the market. The market is governed by the law of supply and demand, but some parts are regulated.
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