DNA affects the traits of an organism by providing the instructions for synthesizing proteins.
In humans and virtually all other species, DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material. The DNA of an individual is almost same in all of their cells. Although mitochondria also contain some DNA, the majority of DNA is found in the cell nucleus (where it is known as nuclear DNA) (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Cellular organelles called mitochondria are responsible for transforming dietary energy into a form that can be utilized by cells.
Four chemical bases, adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (Th), are used to encode the information in DNA (T). The about 3 billion bases that make up human DNA are more or less identical in all individuals—more than 99 percent of the population.
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