In the electron transport chain, h protons flow down the electrochemical gradient through the pro complex (enzyme) ATP synthase...resulting in ATP, the biological currency of energy.
The respiratory chain generates an electrochemical gradient of protons (or sodium ions), which the ATP synthase (also known as F1F0 ATPase or complex V) utilizes to create ATP. The thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, the inner membranes of mitochondria, and the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria all include enzymes known as ATP synthases, which are a very large set of highly conserved enzymes. The majority of the group's members employ H+ as the coupling ion; the Propionigenium modestum enzyme is one of the few ATP synthases that can also use Na+.
To learn more about ATP synthase:
https://brainly.com/question/12454295
#SPJ4
