Meiosis is a specialized form of a cell division in which number of chromosomes is reduced to half. The reduction in chromosome number is achieved by one round of DNA replication and two rounds of chromosome segregation.
- Meiosis produces genetic variation by the process of recombination.
- Recombination occurs when two molecules of DNA exchange pieces of their genetic material. The process of recombination occurs during the prophase stage of meiosis I.
- In meiosis, crossing over occurs between the non-sister chromatids in a homologous pair (one from each parent) of chromosomes.
The correct answer is option B. The two different chromosomes of the organism producing the sex cell (egg or sperm) are mixed up during crossover, creating a new combination of alleles.
Other options-
A. Meiosis creates diversity by cutting each chromosome exactly in half - incorrect .In meiosis the chromosome number is reduced to half.
C. It creates sex cells (egg or sperm) that have exactly the same alleles (version of a gene) as the parents-incorrect. The sex cells produced are not genetically identical to the parent cell.
D. The chromosome in meiosis are copied so they are exactly the same as the organism producing the gamete, except they have just one copy-incorrect. In meiosis the chromosomes are not exactly copied.
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