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Acids react with calcium carbonate and more specifically carbonate to form carbon dioxide. An acid will give protons to the carbonate anion to produce carbonic acid which then decomposes into carbon dioxide and water. I hope this helps. Let me know if anything is unclear.

In a bid to produce CO2 from CaCO3 Heat energy and acids(H2SO4) reacts with limestone (CaCO3) and produce carbon dioxide gas(CO2).

What type of substance reacts with limestone (CaCO3) and produces carbon dioxide gas?

Generally, the equation for the Chemical Reaction  is mathematically given as,

CaCO3----->CaO +CO2

This is a decomposition reaction, it occurs when the reaction of heat energy reacts with CaCO3 in the atmosphere to produce CaO(s) +CO2(g).

Also

CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

CaCO3 also reacts with acids to produce CO2 as shown in the balance equation above.

In conclusion, Acids and Heat energy reacts with limestone (CaCO3) and produce carbon dioxide gas.

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