Answer:
Option-D is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Hydrocarbons are classified as;
a) Saturated Hydrocarbons:
Those hydrocarbons in which all carbon atoms are bonded to each other through a single covalent bonds are known as Saturated Hydrocarbons.
Example:
Alkanes with a general formula CnH₂n+₂ belongs to saturated hydrocarbons. The Hydrogen Deficiency Index of Alkanes is zero, means it does not contain any double or triple bond.
i) H₃C-CH₃ Ethane
ii) H₃C-CH₂-CH₃ Propane
iii) H₃C-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃ Butane
b) Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:
Those hydrocarbons in which a double bond (Alkenes) or triple bond (Alkynes) is formed between two carbon atoms are called as unsaturated Hydrocarbons.
Example:
Alkene with a general formula CnH₂n belongs to unsaturated hydrocarbons. The minimum Hydrogen Deficiency Index of Alkenes is one, means it contain minimum one double bond.
i) H₂C=CH₂ Ethene
ii) H₂C=CH-CH₃ Propene
iii) H₃C-CH=CH-CH₃ 2-Butene
Alkyne with a general formula CnH₂n-₂ belongs to unsaturated hydrocarbons. The minimum Hydrogen Deficiency Index of Alkynes is two, means it contain minimum one triple bond.
i) HC≡CH Ethyne
ii) HC≡C-CH₃ Propyne
iii) H₃C-C≡C-CH₃ 2-Butyne
