The location of the vertex tells you the horizontal and vertical shift. (The parent function f(x) = x² has its vertex at the origin, (0, 0). The vertical distance of the point 1 unit left or right of the vertex in relation to the vertex tells you the vertical scale factor (stretch).
g(x) = f(x +3) -3
horizontal shift left 3
vertical shift down 3
h(x) = -3f(x)
reflection across the x-axis
vertical stretch of 3
d(x) = f(x -3) -3
horizontal shift right 3
vertical shift down 3
