Is there an association between the use of computerized system and hospital mortality? In a large-scale hospital study, the study investigator randomly sampled 35 hospitals from all hospitals in Texas. Within each of the sampled hospitals, 500 patients who were hospitalized during the past year were randomly chosen. Their medical records were retrieved and whether they died while hospitalized was noted. It was found that on average, hospitals (26 of them) in which health care information is gathered and stored on computers had a lower patient death rate than hospitals (9 of them) that still rely on the "paper" system (using paper forms and handwritten notes).
Part I What kind of study is this? A. An observational study. B. An experiment. C. None of the above.
Part II What sampling method was employed in selecting the 17500 patients? A. Simple random sampling. B. Stratified random sampling. C. Multistage sampling. D. Systematic sampling.
Part III Which of the following is the population of interest to the study investigator? Choose the most appropriate answer. A. All hospitals in Texas. B. All patients who were admitted to the 35 selected hospitals in Texas. C. The 35 Texas hospitals that were selected in the study. D. The 17500 patients whose medical records were retrieved in the study.
Part IV Which of the following statements is correct about the average patient death rate of the 26 hospitals in which health care information is gathered and stored on computers? A. It is a variable of interest. B. It is a statistic. C. It is a parameter.
Part V What graphical display is appropriate for comparing the distribution of patient death rates between hospitals that use computer systems and those that rely on the paper system? A. A scatterplot. B. A bar chart. C. A stem-and-leaf display. D. Side-by-side boxplots. Part VI Mr. Prudence read about the study results and concluded from there that hospitals should adopt computerized automation of notes and records because it increases patients chance of survival. Which of the following is a correct statement about Mr. Prudence's conclusion? A. It is a valid conclusion because the study was based on a very large number of patients. B. It is a valid conclusion because the study results showed that hospitals which use computerized systems have a lower patient death rate. C. It is an invalid conclusion because this study does not necessarily prove a causal relationship between the use of computerized system and hospital mortality. D. Both A) and B).

It measures our survey representative samples inside an observational study without trying to influence them.
Humans assign people or things in a scientific test to the organizations and apply treatment inside one group since the other group receives no care.
This field of research is being used to watch people or to measure definite results.

For Part II, the answer is "Multistage sampling".

It is a sampling method that divides people into research teams (or clusters).
During this sampling procedure, essential groupings of selected persons are divided into two subgroups at various stages to simplify the collection of information.

For Part III, the answer is "All hospitals in Texas".

Inside the medical institution, the people were constructed, utilized, and equipped for the diagnosis of illness, surgical and medical care of the sick as well as the wounded, and their homes in this way.
This same modern clinic also often serves as a center for inquiry and teaching, and that is why the research study has interest throughout all health facilities in Texas.

For Part IV, the answer is "It is a statistic".

The vast majority of patients' mortality rate for any and all health facilities in Texas is indeed a parameter even though variables describe the population, whereas statistics are used to define specimens.

For Part V, the answer is "Side-by-side boxplots".

Even though we have to compare the average mortality rate, a bar chart would be much more suitable.

For Part VI, the answer is "Option C" which is can be defined as follows:

This research somehow doesn't necessarily prove that the use of the computerized system does have a causal link with hospitalization.

Therefore, the final answer are "Option A, Option C, Option A, Option B, Option D, and Option C"

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