The items are answered below and are numbered separately for each compound.
The freezing point of impure solution is calculated through the equation,
Tf = Tfw - (Kf)(m)
where Tf is the freezing point, Tfw is the freezing point of water, Kf is the freezing point constant and m is the molality. For water, Kf is equal to 1.86°C/m. In this regard, it is assumed that m as the unit of 0.25 is molarity.
1. NH4NO3
Tf = 0°C - (1.86°C/m)(0.25 M)(2) = -0.93°C
2. NiCl3
Tf = 0°C - (1.86°C/m)(0.25 M)(4) = -1.86°C
3. Al2(SO4)3
Tf = 0°C - (1.86 °C/m)(0.25 M)(5) = -2.325°C
For boiling points,
Tb = Tbw + (Kb)(m)
For water, Kb is equal to 0.51°C/m.
1. NH4NO3
Tb = 100°C + (0.51°C/m)(0.25 M)(2) = 100.255°C
2. NiCl3
Tb = 100°C + (0.51°C/m)(0.25 M)(4) = 100.51°C
3. Al2(SO4)3
Tb = 100°C + (0.51°C/m)(0.25 M)(5) = 100.6375°C
