so if talking about points on a graph then
a. x is made negative or opposite of what it is
basically, the x point would go x units from the zero line in the other way it is currently ie. reflected across the x axis
b. both x and y are positive,
basically the figure would be reflected across the x axis then reflected across the y axis (or y axis then x, doesn't matter)
c. y times 2
y is 2 times as high (gets bigger)
d. 2/3 times x
x is 2/3 as much as it was before (gets smaller)
e. 1/2 x and 1.5 y
x get's half smaller and y gets 1.5 bigger (x gets smaller, y gets bigger)