consequently & then: sequence
One thing leads to another--if one thing happens another thing "then" happens or "consequently" the other thing happens, showing the order in which they're performed
although & however: compares
When describing one thing, you can then describe how the other thing contrasts by using these transitions. "Although" x is one way, y is another way. Or x is one way, "however", y is another.
in summary: concludes
This shows that you are going to wrap up all of your information into a conclusion
afterward: shows time
This is a word that shows when specifically an action would be performed. You perform x and "afterward" perform y.
