A. Increased technological changes like an improved rudder, the compass, and better maps.
Historical note: The first compasses were used in China. Europeans began making workable compasses around the end of the 13th century, and they improved over time.
The Portuguese developed their more maneuverable ships, called caravels, in the 15th century.
Oh, and the more the Europeans explored, the more they realized the globe was BIGGER than they thought (not smaller).