Question

Select all that apply.
Which of the following is true of an outlier?

A.An outlier is a false data point.
B.An outlier does not affect measures of central tendency.
C.An outlier is not near the main cluster of data.
D.An outlier is always the highest or lowest value in a data set.

Answer 1

A. This is not the correct answer because an outlier is observed and not a false data point (assuming the observation was done correctly). So we can rule out choice A.

B. An outlier does affect the mean. For example, if you have an outlier that is too high compared to the main cluster of values, then the mean will be larger than it should be. This is why we can rule out choice B

C. This is the correct answer. The outlier value is some value far removed from the main cluster or group of data values. It can be really high or really low. 

D. This may seem like the answer, but not all outliers are the min or max. Its possible to have an outlier that is smaller than another outlier. So this is why we can rule out choice D.

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In summary, the only answer is choice C

Answer 2

Outliers can sometime be observed in a data set and when they are, they are C. not near the main cluster of data.

An outlier in a dataset:

• Is far from the main cluster of data
• Affects the mean by disproportionately pulling it up or down
• Is usually one of the highest or lowest value in the set

An example of a data set with an outlier is:

4, 7, 9 , 12, 80, 108

The outliers in the above are 80 and 108 because they are quite far away from the rest of the dataset.

In conclusion, outliers are usually not near to the main cluster of data.

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