Answer:
a. Forcing African Americans to show picture IDs before voting
Explanation:
Back then, ever since the 15th Amendment (1870) was passed, which granted African American men the right to vote for the first time, the Southern states created a series of measures that hindered their right to vote. Some of these measures included the imposition of poll taxes, the requirement to recite the whole Constitution and to take literacy tests to be allowed to vote, and the enforcement of the “Grandfather Clause”, that exempted people from educational, property, or tax requirements for voting, if they had enjoyed the right to vote prior to 1866, or their lineal descendants, and since white people were the only ones who met those conditions, the clause favored whites while it denied suffrage to African Americans.
However, to force African Americans to show picture IDs before voting was not one of the actions taken by Southerners.
