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This was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abe Lincoln on the 1st of January, 1863. It changed the federal legal status of more than 3 million people that were slaves in the south. They had become free! 
The Emancipation Proclamation basically made it officall that all slaves were free in the south, and were all free in the North as well. THese slaves fought with the Union against the Confederacy and helped out A LOT. 
The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order that was issued on the year of 1863, January 1st. This order was issued by President Lincoln, so that they can free slaves in the south, and not under the union control within the Confederacy.

You know that you could have just searched it on google though.

"executive order issued on January 1, 1863, by President Lincoln freeing slaves in all portions of the United States not then under Union control (that is, within the Confederacy)."`Google
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