The answer from the given options is "a. egocentrism; preoperational stage".
Egocentrism alludes to the kid's powerlessness or inbility to see a circumstance from someone else's perspective. As per Piaget, the egocentric kid expect that other individuals see, hear, and feel precisely the same as the youngster does.
The preoperational stage refers to the second stage in Piaget's hypothesis of psychological advancement. This stage starts around age 2 as kids begin and last until roughly age 7. In this stage, kids start to take part in emblematic play and figure out how to control images.