Question

URGENT BRAINLIST 
Scientists are now capable of genetically engineering bacteria to produce human insulin. This insulin is then used to treat humans with certain medical conditions. Part A: Briefly explain the steps in the process of removing the human gene and inserting it into plasmid DNA. (3 points)
Part B: Human insulin producing bacteria are not the only common and useful for of genetic engineering. There are other organisms that have at least one gene from another organism spliced into their own genetic makeup. These organisms are called ___________ .

Answer 1

Part A

Plasmids are extracted from the bacteria

The plasmids are spliced at specific regions using restriction enzymes.

The cut plasmids are incubated with the novel gene and  DNA ligase

Plasmids that will have incorporated the new gene are transformed back into the bacteria

Part B

The answer is  transgenic organisms.  

Answer 2

Ans.A.

Genetic engineering involves manipulation of genetic material of organisms to get desired traits or products, with the help of various molecular biology techniques.

Insulin can be synthesized artificially in bacterial cells with the help of genetic engineering. The steps to make recombinant insulin are given below:

-Isolation of target gene (gene for expression of insulin).

-Ligation of insuling gene with a vector molecule or plasmid.

-Insertion of recombinant DNA ( plasmid and sample DNA) into host cells, such as in E. coli bacteria.

-Screening test is done to select recombinant bacterial colonies and they are used as factories to produce insulin.  

-Insulin gene expresses insulin in bacterial cells, which is harvested from them.  

Ans.B.

The organisms, which have at least one new or altered gene, inserted into their genome by means of genetic engineering techniques are known as transgenic organisms. These organisms are used for various purposes, such as to increase food production, to improve human health, and to produce other useful products.

Thus, the correct word to be filled in the blank is 'transgenic organisms.'