Question

What is true about the relationship of adenine and thymine?


- Adenine and thymine are a base pair

- Adenine and thymine are antiparallel

- Adenine and thymine form a covalent bond

- Adenine and thymine are phosphates

Answer 1

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The deoxy- in the DNA is a short term for deoxyribose. The nucleic acid molecule has three parts; sugar, phosphate and a base. The phosphate in the DNA acts as a backbone of the molecule. It is also responsible for the DNA’s ‘double-helix’ structure. The base has four codes namely adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. Adenine and thymine are bse pairs whereas cytosine and guanine are base pairs. They are not to be interchanged. Resulting in one cause mutation in the gene. 

Answer 2

The relationship between adenine and thymine is that they are base pairs.

Further Explanation:

The nucleic acid makes the DNA. The nucleic acid is made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a phosphate group, deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base. DNA has mainly four different types of a nitrogenous base.

• Adenine
• Cytosine  
• Thymine
• Guanine  

RNA also contains guanine, adenine, and cytosine but they do not contain thymine They contain uracil instead of thymine. Chargaff’s rule said that the amount of thymine is the same as the amount of adenine. Also, the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine. The adenine base is paired with thymine in DNA but in RNA adenine pairs with the uracil. The guanine base is paired with the cytosine.

DNA undergoes a replication process wherein duplication of the double-helical structure takes place. It then moves further and forms an RNA molecule through a process called transcription. RNA undergoes RNA processing followed by post-transcriptional modifications which further release out mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA molecules. All the three kinds of RNA enter into the last phase of central dogma called translation. During this, proteins are formed.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Molecular Biology

Chapter: Gene expression

Keywords:

DNA, RNA, concept map, replication, double helical, nucleotides, transcription, proteins, translation, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, cytosine, adenine, uracil, thymine.