The first sequence is arithmetic because we are adding 2 each time to get the next term (eg: from 11 to 13 is +2). The common difference is d = 2. Another way to find the common difference is to subtract adjacent terms. Eg: d = 13-11 = 2
The second sequence is geometric. The common ratio is r = 1/2. Each time we multiply the current term by 1/2 to get the next term. We can see this by dividing any term but the first term over its previous term Eg: 1/4 divided by 1/2 = (1/4)*(2/1) = 2/4 = 1/2