Answer : The formal charge on the central iodine atom is, Zero (0).
Explanation :
Lewis-dot structure : It shows the bonding between the atoms of a molecule and it also shows the unpaired electrons present in the molecule.
In the Lewis-dot structure the valance electrons are shown by 'dot'.
The given molecule is, [tex]IO_3^-[/tex]
As we know that iodine has '7' valence electrons and oxygen has '6' valence electrons.
Therefore, the total number of valence electrons in [tex]IO_3^-[/tex] = 7 + 3(6) + 1 = 26
According to Lewis-dot structure, there are 10 number of bonding electrons and 16 number of non-bonding electrons.
Now we have to determine the formal charge on the central iodine atom.
Formula for formal charge :
[tex]\text{Formal charge}=\text{Valence electrons}-\text{Non-bonding electrons}-\frac{\text{Bonding electrons}}{2}[/tex]
[tex]\text{Formal charge on I}=7-2-\frac{10}{2}=0[/tex]
Hence, the Lewis-dot structure of [tex]IO_3^-[/tex] is shown below.
In the Lewis structure of the iodate ion (IO₃⁻) that satisfies the octet rule, the formal charge on the central iodine atom is zero.
Formal charge on any atom can be calculated as:
F.C. = No. of valence shell electrons - No. of non bonding electrons - (No. of bonding electrons/2)
Normal structure and Lewis structure of iodate (IO₃⁻) ion is shown in the attached image.
No. of bonding electrons in iodine atom = 10
No. of non bonding electrons in iodine atom = 2
No. of valence electrons in iodine atom = 7
Putting all these values in the equation, we get
Formal charge = 7 - 2 - 10/2 = 5 - 5 = 0.
Hence, formal charge on iodine is zero.
To know more about formal charge, visit the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/1465971
