1. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
2. Enzymes are very efficient catalysts for biochemical reactions. They speed up reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy. Like all catalysts, enzymes take part in the reaction - that is how they provide an alternative reaction pathway.
3. Prokaryotic cells are plant cells and have a cell wall as well as chloroplasts. Eurkaryotic are animal cells and have a cell membrane.
4. The organelles include the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, and mitochondria
5. Differences are chloroplasts, the cell wall, and vacuoles.
6. Chemically, ATP is an adenine nucleotide bound to three phosphates. There is a lot of energy stored in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups that can be used to fuel chemical reactions. When a cell needs energy, it breaks this bond to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate molecule
7. The Purpose Cellular Respiration. Cellular respirationis the process by which cells in plants and animals break down sugar and turn it into energy, which is then used to perform work at the cellular level. The purpose of cellular respiration is simple: it provides cells with the energy they need to function.
8. Fermentation and cellular respiration are alike in that they both begin with a series of reactions known as glycolysis, which breaks glucose molecules into smaller pyruvate molecules. They are also similar in that during both processes, ATP is produced for the cell to use.
9. Photosynthesis and respiration are reactions that complement each other in the environment. They are in reality the same reactions but occurring in reverse. While in photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water yield glucose and oxygen, through the respirationprocess glucose and oxygen yield carbon dioxide and water.
10. During photosynthesis: Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, a green substance found in chloroplasts in some plant cells and algae. Absorbed light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide (from the air) and water (from the soil) into a sugar called glucose. Oxygen is released as a by-product.
