Respuesta :
Explanation:
A compound formed due to transfer of electron from one atom to another is known as an ionic compound. An ionic bond is always formed between a metal and a non-metal.
For example, when potassium donates its one valence electron to iodine then it results in the formation of potassium iodide compound.
And, a compound formed by sharing of electrons between the combining atoms is known as a covalent compound.
For example, fullerenes are an allotrope of carbon where sharing of electrons takes places within the carbon atoms.
Hence, fullerenes are covalent compounds.
Metallic compounds are defined as the compounds in which metal atoms of one or more elements are bonded to each other.
For example, pure potassium will contains only atoms of potassium element. Therefore, it is a metallic compound.
A molecular solid is defined as a substance in which the atoms are held together by Vander waal forces. Due to which they have low melting point.
Generally, non-polar compounds leads to the formation of molecular solids.
For example, frozen carbon dioxide is a molecular solid.
Therefore, we can conclude that the given species are classified as follows.
- Fullerenes - covalent
- Pure potassium - metallic
- Frozen carbon dioxide - molecular solid
- Potassium iodide - ionic
Fullerene is a covalent solid.
Pure potassium is a metallic solid.
Frozen carbon dioxide is a molecular solid.
Potassium iodide is an ionic solid.
Further Explanation:
Covalent solids
These are held together by covalent bonds and also called network solids. Localized electrons are present in between the bonded atoms. Silica and diamond are examples of such solids.
Ionic solids
These are held together by ionic bonds. These have lattices that are made up of oppositely charged ions. These solids have high melting points. NaCl is an example of an ionic solid.
Metallic solids
These are held together by metallic bonds that are present between metal atoms. These are good conductors of electricity due to the presence of delocalized electrons. Copper, gold, zinc are examples of metallic solids.
Molecular solids
These are groups of molecules held together by intermolecular forces. These have low melting points. These have localized electrons in them. Solid water or ice is an example of a molecular solid.
Fullerene is an allotropic form of carbon. Since carbon compounds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons, fullerene is a covalent solid.
Pure potassium contains only atoms of potassium. Since potassium is a metal, pure potassium is a metallic solid.
Vander Waal forces are responsible to hold the molecules of solid [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex]. Therefore frozen carbon dioxide is a molecular solid.
Potassium iodide is formed by the combination of [tex]{{\text{K}}^ + }[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{I}}^ - }[/tex] so ionic bond exists between this molecule. Therefore potassium iodide is an ionic solid.
Learn More:
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Answer Details:
Grade: Senior School
Chapter: Solid State
Subject: Chemistry
Keywords: ionic solid, molecular solid, covalent solid, metallic solid, potassium iodide, pure potassium, frozen carbon dioxide, fullerene.
