The correct answer is: "the French Revolution and the Enlightenment principles"
The French Revolution of 1789 developed based on the Enlightment principles as the unpriveleged claimed for decision power (in this it resembles the American Revolution that took place subsequently).
The Enlightenment philosophers, such as Locke, Monstequieu or Rosseau, introduced ideas that challenged, and ended up derrocating, the power structures of the Old Regime. They promoted reason and the scientific method over religious dogmatism and superstititions.
The main principles developed were the following: definition of bills of citizens' rights, social contract (citizens electing political representatives to create goverments through suffrage, in opposition to the prevailing absolute monarchies), and the division of the powers of the state in order to avoid excessive power accumulation in certain sectors, and risks of authoritarism.
