1. The allied powers were: United States, France, Great Britain, and Russia.
Central powers were: Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Turkey.
Allied Casualties: 18,500,000
Central Casualties: 15,000,000
The allied powers suffered the most casualties, you can figure this out by adding the deaths per country according to the graph.
2. The United States joined during the last year of the war and definitely made the war a lot shorter. Both sides were very exhausted from all of the fighting already, which made things a lot easier for the U.S. The allies and central powers were both starving and running out of men and supplies, so when the U.S. joined the war it was a miracle for the allies. The United States army came in large numbers, with supplies and weapons. After this Germany started to surrender.