Base excision repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function.
Base excision repair (BER) in biochemistry and genetics refers to the cellular mechanism during the cell cycle that repair damaged DNA and it is mainly responsible for removing small, non-helix-distorting base lesions from the genome.
Mismatch repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function.
Mismatch repair takes place immediately after the completion of the DNA synthesis and its job is to detect, remove and replace small insertions that were undetected during proofreading.
The enzymes that are responsible for the creation of DNA in cells are known as DNA polymerase. When DNA replication takes place, the DNA polymerase can check to know which bases are added. The DNA polymerase can discover if bases are impaired. This process is what is called Proofreading.
During DNA synthesis, the DNA polymerase can discover incorrect nucleotides and replace them accordingly before the continuation of the DNA replication.
Although many errors that occur during DNA synthesis are corrected by the polymerase, some errors can still go on undetected. However, some of these insertions can be detected and corrected through mismatch repair.
Mismatch repair is the process that involves detecting and corrections of erroneous insertion that can occur after DNA replication. DNA mismatch repair can as well detect and repair damages to the DNA after New DNA has been created. The major function of the Mismatch repair is to detect, removed and replaced bases that are mispaired.
Therefore, Mismatch repair is a backup for the DNA polymerase proofreading function.
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