Question

Draw the lewis structure for butanal, which has the condensed formula ch3(ch2)2cho. show all hydrogen atoms and lone pairs of electrons.

Answer 1

There are 10 hydrogen atoms that bind and there are 2 pairs of free electrons in the non-binding O atom

Further explanation

Aldehydes are alkane-derived compounds containing carbonyl groups (-CO-) where one bond binds to an alkyl group while another binds to a hydrogen atom.

The general structure is R-CHO with the molecular formula :

$\large{\boxed{\boxed{\bold{C_nH_{2n}O}}}$

Naming is generally the same as the alkane by replacing the suffix with -al

Butanal or butyraldehyde is an aldehyde which has 4 C atoms

Inside the structure there are 3 atoms involved in bonding:

• 1. Atom C with 4 valence electrons, requires 4 electrons to reach the octet

• 2. Atom O with 6 valence electrons, requires 2 electrons to reach the octet

• 3. Atom H with 1 valence electron, requires 1 electron to reach a duplet

In describing Lewis's structure the steps that can be taken are:

•  1. Count the number of valence electrons from atoms in a molecule

• 2. Give each bond a pair of electrons

• 3. The remaining electrons are given to the atomic terminal so that an octet is reached

• 4. The remaining electrons that still exist in the central atom

• 5. If the central atom is not yet octet, free electrons are drawn to the central atom to form double bonds

In the Butanal structure (C₄H₈O) there is 1 double bond of the functional group (-CHO) between the C atom and the O atom

Learn more:

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Keywords: butanal, aldehyde, Lewis structure, a valence electron

Answer 2

There are $\boxed{10}$ hydrogens and $\boxed2$ lone pairs in the Lewis structure of butanal. (Refer structure in the attached image)

Further Explanation:

The bonding between the different atoms in covalent molecules is shown by some diagrams known as the Lewis structures. These also show the presence of lone pairs in the molecule. These are also known as Lewis dot diagrams, electron dot diagrams, Lewis dot structures or Lewis dot formula. In covalent compounds, the geometry, polarity, and reactivity are predicted by these structures.

Lewis structure of ${\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}{\left( {{\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}}} \right)_{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{CHO}}$ :

The total number of valence electrons of ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\left({{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}}\right)_2}{\text{CHO}}$ is calculated as,

Total valence electrons = [(4) (Valence electrons of C) + (8) (Valence electrons of H) + (1) (Valence electrons of O)]

$\begin{aligned}{\text{Total valence electrons}}\left({{\text{TVE}}}\right)&= \left[{\left({\text{4}}\right)\left({\text{4}}\right)+\left({\text{8}}\right)\left({\text{1}}\right)+\left({\text{1}} \right)\left({\text{6}}\right)}\right]\\&=30\\\end{gathered}$

The general formula of aldehyde functional group is ${\text{R}} - {\text{CHO}}$ . The given molecule has also the same formula and therefore the given molecule is an aldehyde.

In ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\left({{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}}\right)_2}{\text{CHO}}$ , the total number of valence electrons is 30. Here, ${{\text{C}}_1}$  forms two single bonds, one with a hydrogen atom and other with ${{\text{C}}_2}$ . It also forms one double bond with an oxygen atom. ${{\text{C}}_2}$  forms two single bonds with other two hydrogen atoms and two single bonds with ${{\text{C}}_1}$ and ${{\text{C}}_3}$  separately. ${{\text{C}}_3}$  forms two single bonds with two hydrogen atoms and two single bonds with ${{\text{C}}_2}$ and ${{\text{C}}_4}$ separately. ${{\text{C}}_4}$ forms one single bond with ${{\text{C}}_3}$  and three single bonds with three hydrogen atoms. Oxygen forms one double bond with ${{\text{C}}_1}$ . Each hydrogen forms a single bond with carbon atoms and therefore 26 electrons are utilized. The remaining four are present in the form of lone pair on the oxygen atom. (Refer to the structure in the attached image)

Learn more:

1. Molecular shape around each of the central atoms in the amino acid glycine: https://brainly.com/question/4341225

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Molecular structure and chemical bonding

Keywords: Lewis structure, valence electrons, butanal, CH3(CH2)2CHO, single bonds, double bonds, carbon atom, hydrogen atom, oxygen atom, valence electrons.