The factor or condition can be changed is known as a variable. There are independent variables which are variables intentionally changed by the investigator. There are also dependent variables that can be changed as a result of the independent variable. There is also the controlled variable that can't be changed or it would ruin the experiment.
Example:
Scientists are running a test to see if eating junk food makes mice gain more weight than the Mouse Chow.
Independent variable: diet of mice
Dependent variable: weight of mice
Controlled variable: amount of food given
*Note there can be more than one controlled variable
**An independent variable is also known as a manipulated variable
***An dependent variable is also known as a responding variable
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