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The elements in each group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital. Those outer electrons are also called valence electrons. They are the electrons involved in chemical bonds with other elements. Every element in the first column (group one) has one electron in its outer shell.

The elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons and the same chemical reactivity.

In the modern periodic table :  

  • Elements are placed according to their atomic numbers
  • There are 7 periods (horizontal rows)
  • There are 18 groups (vertical groups).
  • Elements in the same period have the same valence shell
  • Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.
  • Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

So, from this, we can conclude that elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons and the same chemical reactivity.

Learn more about the periodic table:

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