Question

When we speak of the flavor of a word, we're talking about the extra understood meanings that it carries in addition to its main meaning. These extra meanings are called
A. connotations.
B. definitions.
C. shadings.
D. denotations.

Answer 1

These extra meanings are called "connotations". Connotations can either be made intentionally or unintentionally--in order to give the reader or listening a more enjoyable and thoughtful experience. 

Answer 2

A. Connotation

A flavor of a word; it's unspoken meaning that isn't said outright. Connotation allow a word to do double-duty,  serving two purposes at one time.