It is estimated that at least 16,000~20,000 Filipino soldiers were killed, with up to an extra 200,000 civilian deaths, mostly from a cholera epidemic. But R.J Rummel asserts that 128,000 Filipinos were murdered by the U.S. While, Filipino historian E. San Juan, Jr. contends that 1.4 million Filipinos died during the war and that creates an act of genocide on the part of the United States. Sources cite a figure of 200,000 to 250,000 total Filipino civilians dead with most losses attributable to disease. The United States Department of State says that the war "resulted in the death of over 4,200 American and over 20,000 Filipino soldiers", and that "as many as 200,000 Filipino civilians pass away from violence, famine, and disease".
