Read the short passage then answer the following questions:

The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. Although, it may be transformed from one form to another. If you take all forms of energy into account, the total energy of an isolated system always remains constant. All the forms of energy follow the law of conservation of energy.

Considering the potential energy at the surface of the earth to be zero. Let us see an example of a fruit falling from a tree.

Consider a point A, which is at height ‘H’ from the ground on the tree, the velocity of the fruit is zero hence potential energy is maximum there.

E = mgH ———- (1)

When the fruit falls, its potential energy decreases, and kinetic energy increases.

At point B, which is near the bottom of the tree, the fruit is falling freely under gravity and is at a height X from the ground, and it has speed as it reaches point B. So, at this point, it will have both kinetic and potential energy.

E = K.E + P.E

1- An apple in a tree has a gravitational store of 10 J. As it falls, it accelerates.
constantly until it hits the ground. What is the apple’s maximum kinetic?

The maximum kinetic energy is ______

2. Explain your answer.
(Hint: think about the law of conservation of energy)

3. A golf ball has 50 J of energy in the kinetic store as it leaves the ground.
What is its maximum gravitational store when it reaches its highest point?

4. Explain your answer

According to the law of conservation of energy, the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time, regardless of any changes within the system. In this case, the system is the apple at different points on its way down from the tree. At point A, the apple has only potential energy (E = mgh), and as it falls, its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy (E = 1/2 mv^2). At the exact moment the apple hits the ground (point B), all its potential energy has been converted into kinetic energy. Therefore, if the apple had 10 J of potential energy at point A, it will have 10 J of kinetic energy at point B when it reaches the ground.

When a golf ball leaves the ground, its kinetic energy is at its maximum because there’s no potential energy involved (assuming we are not considering air resistance). At its highest point, all its kinetic energy will be converted into potential energy (E = mgh). Since we know that the golf ball has 50 J of kinetic energy when it leaves the ground, we can calculate its maximum gravitational store using the formula for kinetic energy (E = 1/2 mv^2) and setting it equal to potential energy (E = mgh). Given that v = 0 and g are constants and h represents height, we can find h by solving for E = mgh:

50 J = m * 9.8 m/s^2 * h h = 50 J / (m * 9.8 m/s^2)

Explanation: