a) A counterexample to the statement "All positive numbers are even numbers" is the number 3. 3 is a positive number, but it is not an even number.
b) A counterexample to the statement "All multiples of 3 are odd numbers" is the number 6. 6 is a multiple of 3, but it is an even number, not an odd number.
c) A counterexample to the statement "All four-sided figures are squares" is a rectangle. A rectangle is a four-sided figure, but it is not a square because it has unequal side lengths.
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