For the first question, though, there would have been a change in the number and type of ions, moving within the solution, based on whatever the chemical makeup of the ionic compound was. Knowing that we are talking about acids and bases. Changing the solutions, depending on the solution, different spectator or anionic species, negatively charged species were produced in the solution, while varying amounts of H+ or hydrogen ions were released.
This is because, it would depend on the strength of the solution's ability to release and or produce H+ ions in solution. This can be tested, by using pH indicators, of different kinds, all of which work similar,
The indicate through the change in colour of the chemical or paper, of whether solution is acidic or basic, but also, in what range in terms of pH is the solution found in.
Strong acids, are given that name because they strongly dissociate or ionize in solution releasing H+ and their anions. Almost none of the acid will be remaining, as all of it is converted to those ions. Usually one can tell this, by the colour of the indicator, If it is the color that appears lower on the pH scale, around 2-3 this indicates a strong acid.
Weak acids, you can guess, do not dissociate completely, and as a result, a greater amount of the original compound win remain, only few ions would be produced in solution. Again, likewise, the colour that still appears to the left of the 7, value but a higher in pH, like 4-5 would be a weak acid.
Weak bases and strong bases, are similar to acids, except for the fact that rather than producing ions of H+ and anions, Cations of a metal and OH- are produced. Also, depending if it is weak or strong, it would dissociate completely, giving a large pH value, much greater than 7, about 12-14, or a smaller one, if it does not dissociate completely, 8-9.
2. The measure of pH tells us the potential or extent of H+ ions that are found in a solution. The vale obtained from a pH scale is a logarithm scale, that tells us the concentration of the H+ ions in solutions as a power of 10.
The larger the pH = fewer H+ ions are observed = greater OH - possibly.
Smaller the pH = greater H+ ions are observed = fewer OH - ions possibly.
pH values found within a certain range tells, us also of the type of acid and base must've been present, assuming that it is the only one.
Which in turn tells, us if the acid or base would dissociate completely partially.
