1 ) DNA is a long polymer with deoxyriboses and phosphate backbone. Having four different nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. RNA is a polymer with a ribose and phosphate backbone. Four different nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
2 ) Messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into protein by the joint action of transferRNA (tRNA) and the ribosome, which is composed of numerous proteins and two major ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules. ... They also bind tRNAs and variousaccessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.
3 ) How are genes turned off and on?Each cell expresses, or turns on, only a fraction of its genes. The rest of the genesare repressed, or turned off. The process of turning genes on and off is known asgene regulation. Gene regulation is an important part of normal development.Apr
4 ) Cellular differentiation is the normal process by which a cell becomes increasingly specialized in form and function. The classic example is the process by which a zygote develops from a single cell into a multicellular embryo that further develops into a more complex fetus.
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