Question

Consider the reaction below. HClO3 + NH3 mc012-1.jpg NH4+ + ClO3– Which is a base-conjugate acid pair?

Answer 1

Answer: After considering the reaction HClO₃ + NH₃ ⇄ NH₄⁺ + ClO₃⁻, you conclude that  NH₃, NH₄⁺  is the base-conjugate acid pair.

Explanation:

When you consider the reaction HClO₃ + NH₃ ⇄ NH₄⁺ + ClO₃⁻, to determine which is a base-conjugate acid pair, you use the Bronsted-Lowry model for acids and bases, which is focused in the hydrogen ion (H⁺):

• Acid is a donor of hydrogen ions, H⁺.

• Base is a receptor of hydrogen ions.

• In this equilibrium, the forward reaction, HClO₃ + NH₃ → NH₄⁺ + ClO₃⁻, is the reaction of an acid with a base.

• In the same equilibrium, the reverse reaction, NH₄⁺ + ClO₃⁻ → HClO₃ + NH₃ is also the reaction of an acid and a base, but they are called conjugate acid and conjugate base.

You can represent them in this way:

         HClO₃ + NH₃  ⇄     NH₄⁺ +            +        ClO₃⁻

             ↑           ↑                ↑                              ↑

          acid       base    conjugate acid     conjugate base

So, the base-conjugate acid pair is NH₃, NH₄⁺ .

Answer 2

Taking into account the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory, a base/conjugate acid pair is NH₃/NH₄⁺.

Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory

The Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory (or the Brønsted-Lowry theory) identifies acids and bases based on whether the species accepts or donates protons or H⁺.

According to this theory, acids are proton donors while bases are proton acceptors. That is, an acid is a species that donates an H⁺ proton while a base is a chemical species that accepts an H⁺ proton from the acid.

So, reactions between acids and bases are H⁺ proton transfer reactions, causing the acid to form its conjugate base and the base to form its conjugated acid by exchanging a proton.

In other words, a conjugate base is an ion or molecule resulting from the acid that loses the proton, while a conjugate acid is an ion or molecule resulting from the base that gains the proton:

acid + base ⇄ conjugate base + conjugate acid

This case

In this case, you know:

HClO₃ + NH₃ → ClO₃⁻ + NH₄⁺

You can observe that  HClO₃ behaves like acid because donates an H⁺ proton while NH₃ behaves like base because accepts an H⁺ proton from the acid.

So, NH₄⁺ is the conjugate acid of the NH₃  and ClO₃⁻ is conjugate base of HClO₃.

In summary, a base/conjugate acid pair is NH₃/NH₄⁺.

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