We can actually deduce here that to make it a perfect square, we have: v² + 4v + 4.
What is a perfect square?
A perfect square is known as the number which can be expressed as a product of a number and the same number (itself). For example, 36 is a perfect square because it is a product of 6 and 6.
Thus, v² + 4v + 4 will give (v+2)² which is a perfect square.
To show that v² + 4v + 4 is a perfect square, it should give us (v+2)².
Factorising, we will have:
v² + 4v + 4 = v² + 2v + 2v + 4
= v (v + 2) + 2 (v + 2)
= (v + 2) (v + 2)
= (v + 2)² - a perfect square.
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