Convection in Earth's mantle is the up and down movements of plastic-like material within that layer.
The convection of the mantle is generated due to the thermal changes generated within the mantle, at the boundary with the core, the temperature differences generate the movement coupled with the viscosity of the mantle material.
The mantle, although it is solid, behaves like a plastic or ductile material, that is, it deforms and stretches without breaking, due to the high temperatures at which it is found, especially the lower mantle.
Convection occurs only through fluid materials. These, when heated, increase in volume and, therefore, decrease their density and rise, displacing the fluid that is in the upper part and that is at a lower temperature.
What is called convection itself, is the transport of heat through the upward and downward currents of the fluid.
Some scientists have suggested that convection currents flowing in the mantle can cause the plates to move, resulting in events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Due to the great heat in the mantle, parts of it can flow as a very thick liquid.
Therefore, we can conclude that the convection currents that appear in the mantle of the Earth, give rise to forces that produce certain structural effects on the surface of the Earth, such as the movement of the plates.
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