The correct answer is D) the shift in focus from the supernatural to understanding Nature.
The Scientific Revolution was the result of the paradigm shift of the Renaissance from a religious and theocratic view of the world to a more rationalistic view.
In the Middle Ages, every kind of scholarly studies was subordinated to religion. The same happened to the study of nature, or as it was known, "natural philosophy." During the last stage of the Middle Ages, there was a great stimulation of empirical studies due to the influence of scholasticism and Aristotelian philosophy. These studies were focused on objective observation of nature alone, without considering any religious or theological precept.
In the 15th century, merchants and bankers in Europe went through a large economic development that gave them independence from the Church. Thanks to this, they became sponsors of artist, scientists, and technicians. This beneficial environment prompted the study of nature as never before.
At the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century, astronomers and mathematicians like Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei, through their observations, transformed completely the scientific focus and established the modern heliocentric model of the solar system. It was the hallmark of the Scientific Revolution and the start of the Modern scientific era.
