Respuesta :
The forward reaction of C (diamond) -> C (graphite) is spontaneous at 298 K
Further explanation
Gibbs free energy is the maximum possible work given by chemical reactions at constant pressure and temperature. Gibbs free energy can be used to determine the spontaneity of a reaction
If the Gibbs free energy value is <0 (negative) then the chemical reaction occurs spontaneously. If the change in free energy is zero, then the chemical reaction is at equilibrium, if it is> 0, the process is not spontaneous
Free energy of reaction (G) is the sum of its enthalpy (H) plus the product of the temperature and the entropy (S) of the system
Can be formulated: (at any temperature)
[tex]\large{\boxed{\bold{\Delta G=\Delta H-T.\Delta S}}}[/tex]
or at (25 Celsius / 298 K, 1 atm = standard)
ΔG ° reaction = ΔG ° f (products) - ΔG ° f (reactants)
Under standard conditions:
∆G ° = ∆H ° - T∆S °
The value of °H ° can be calculated from the change in enthalpy of standard formation:
∆H ° (reaction) = ∑H ° (product) - ∑ H ° (reagent)
The value of ΔS ° can be calculated from standard entropy data
∆S ° (reaction) = ∑S ° (product) - ∑ S ° (reagent)
If we look at the standard free Gibbs energy for the transformation from diamond to graphite at 298 K:
∆G ° rxn = -2.90 kJ
then a negative value indicates that reaction
C (diamond) -> C (graphite) occurs spontaneously (forward reaction)
Learn more
Delta H solution
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The spontaneous reaction can take place without the addition of external energy. The reaction occurs spontaneously in a forward direction.
What is Gibbs free energy?
Gibbs free energy is the maximum amount of work done by a system at a constant temperature and pressure. It defines the spontaneity of the system.
The reaction is spontaneous when the Gibbs free energy of the system is negative or less than zero.
The Gibbs free energy is given by the formula:
[tex]\rm \Delta G = \rm \Delta H - T\Delta S[/tex]
The standard Gibbs free energy of the graphite formation from the diamond at 298 kelvin is - 2.90 kJ.
Therefore, the negative sign indicates that the reaction is spontaneous.
Learn more about spontaneity here:
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