The cramps are caused by the formation of the lactic acid in the muscle cells. This occurs due to the anaerobic respiration in the muscles. When the athletes run, the muscles need more ATP and for more ATP to form, the respiration is required to breakdown the glucose to form ATP with help of oxygen. After sometime a lack of oxygen occur, which causes the cell to make ATP through anaerobic respiration to occur, which lead to formation of the lactic acids and causes cramps.