Question

These blotches are called what? The layer of the Sun where these occur is called the what?

Answer 1

Sunspots in the photosphere of the sun

Answer 2

Sunspot are spots found on the sun's surface that occur because these regions have a lower temperature than the temperature of the rest of the solar surface, so it seems darker for our observation. It is a temporary phenomenon and is a region that concentrates high magnetic field due to reduced temperature.