DNA was the genetic material; radioactivity on viruses and proteinsWhat did Watson and Crick discover?DNA double helix structureName the 3 DNA nucleotidesNitrogen base, sugar, and phosphateWhat kind of sugar does DNA contain?Sugar deoxyriboseWhat else does the DNA nucleotide contain?A phosphate and one of four nitrogenous basesWhat are the four DNA nitrogenous bases?Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymineWhat kind of sugar does RNA contain?Sugar riboseWhat else does the RNA nucleotide contain?A phosphate and one of four nitrogenous basesWhat are the four RNA nitrogenous bases?Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracilWhat is Chargaff's rule?C=G and T=AHow much hydrogen is between C and G?ThreeHow much hydrogen is between A and T?TwoNucleosomerepeating subunit of chromatin fibers consisting of DNA coiled around histoneHow do millions of DNA fit into a single cell?The DNA tightly coils around a group of beadlike proteins called histonesSemiconservative Replicationthe method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates and procedure molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand one one new DNA strandWhat are the three main stages in DNA replication?Unwinding, base pairing, and joiningWhich enzyme is responsible for unwinding and unzipping the double helix?DNA helicaseAs the helix unwinds, what does another enzyme do?The RNA primase adds a short segment of RNA called the RNA primer to each DNA strandDNA Polymerasean enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of new DNA moleculesWhat does the DNA polymerase do?It continues adding new DNA nucleotides to the chain by adding to the 3' end of the new DNA strandWhich direction does DNA replicate?3' - 5'Okazaki Fragmentsshort fragment of DNA synthesized discontinuously in small segments in the 3' to 5' direction by DNA polymeraseWhat does the DNA ligase do?Joins Okazaki fragments and links the two RNA primers that have been replacedWhat happens when a DNA polymerase comes to an RNA primer on the DNA?It removes the primes and fills in the place with DNA nucelotidesWhat does the single-stranded binding protein do?Associate with the DNA to keep the strands separate during replicationWhat type of bonds are broken when the DNA becomes "unzipped"?The hydrogen bonds (A≠T, C≠G)mRNA (messenger RNA)long strands of RNA that are complementary to one strand of DNArRNA (ribosomal RNA)RNA molecules that make up part of the ribosometRNA (transfer RNA)small RNA molecules that transport amino acids to the ribosomeWhat is the function of the mRNA?Carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasmWhat is the function of the rRNAassociates with protein to form the ribosomeWhat is the function of the tRNA?Transfers amino acids to the ribosomeTranscriptionprocess in which RNA is synthesized from DNATranscription only makes what?mRNAWhere is the DNA unzipped during transcription?Unzipped in the nucleus and RNA polymeraseWhat happens when the mRNA is released?The RNA polymerase detaches from the DNAWhere does the new mRNA move?Out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasmCodona group of three nitrogenous bases in DNA or mRNA that code for one amino acidWhat does Translation do?Make proteinsHow many mRNA's have a stop codon that stops the tRNAs from coming into the ribosome?Only one
