The item being referred to is a rainbow table. Rainbow tables are pre-computed tables that contain a large dataset of candidate digests for a given set of inputs.
These tables are used for cracking passwords, where the user can look up a hash to its corresponding plaintext password. Rainbow tables are computationally expensive to generate, but once created, the lookup time is very fast. A rainbow table is a pre-computed table for reversing cryptographic hash functions, usually for cracking password hashes. Rainbow tables reduce the difficulty in brute force cracking by creating a much smaller file to test against. The reduction is accomplished by eliminating duplicate entries and creating chains of hashes that can be used to quickly find the plaintext version of a hash.
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