Daniel Shays, a former army captain, led a mob of farmers in a rebellion against the government of Massachusetts. The purpose of the rebellion was to prevent foreclosures on their debt-ridden land by keeping the county courts of western Massachusetts from sitting until after the next election.

Shays' Rebellion refers to an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester which happened in reaction to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes both on individuals and their trades. It included violent attacks on courthouses and other government properties in Massachusetts that started in 1786 and led to a full-blown military confrontation in 1787.

The rebels generally included ex-Revolutionary War soldiers-turned farmers who opposed state economic policies causing poverty and property foreclosures. The rebellion was named after Daniel Shays, who was a farmer and former soldier and was one of several leaders of the insurrection. It is believed that the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia would never have occurred if not for Shays's Rebellion. Shays and his followers terrified the state government by attempting to capture the federal arsenal at Springfield, provoking an appeal to the Congress to help restore order.

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